Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the full range of motion squat, the supramaximal loaded partial range of motion squat, or countermovement jumps alone elicited a subsequent acute increase in vertical jump height in recreationally trained college age men. The sample consisted of 14 college age men (ages 21.7 ± 1.5) that had engaged in lower body resistance training at least once per week during the previous year. Each subject was classified as recreationally trained based on a relative strength ratio of 1.75 ± 0.31.The current study was five weeks long. The acute enhancement of vertical jump height was examined utilizing a within-subjects design, whereby all subjects performed three conditions in randomized order. During the first two weeks, maximal strength for the full range of motion squat was determined on two occasions using a power cage to establish reliability; and subjects were familiarized with vertical jump testing procedures. During the last three weeks, subjects performed one of the following conditions in randomized order; Condition 1 consisted of three maximal effort countermovement jumps with 30 seconds of passive rest between jumps performed after a baseline set of three maximal jumps (Control); Condition 2 consisted of three sets of three repetitions at 85% of I-RM for the full range of motion squat with two minutes rest between sets (preceded by warm-up sets of 10 repetitions at 45% I-RM and five repetitions at 65% 1-RM); and Condition 3 consisted of three sets of three repetitions at 120% of I-RM (full range of motion) for the supramaximal partial range of motion squat (12 inches of barbell displacement) with two minutes rest between sets (preceded by two warm-up sets of 10 repetitions at 45% I-RM and five repetitions at 65% I-RM).
All three conditions were immediately followed by four minutes of passive rest and then three maximal effort countermovement jumps with 30 seconds passive rest between jumps. The Vertec™ Vertical Jump assessment device was used to measure jump height for the countermovement jumps. Each testing session was separated by seven days to ensure full recovery. For each condition, the highest vertical jump height (cm) achieved out of the three repetitions during each series of countermovement jumps was used for analysis.
A four-way repeated analysis of the variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was a significant main effect for differences in peak jump height between conditions (p < 0.05). Follow-up post-hoes were then conducted using the Huynh-Feldt adjustment. Significantly greater peak jump height was demonstrated for Condition 1 versus the Control (p = 0.012). Condition 3 (p = 0.101) and Condition 2 (p = 0.291) were not significantly different versus the Control, however there was a trend towards significance between Condition 3 and the Control. Also, Condition 1 (p = 0.026) and Condition 3 (p = 0.034) elicited significantly greater peak jump height versus Condition 2.
Therefore, a jumping warm-up can effectively be used to increase vertical jump height after a four minute rest. There was also a trend towards the supramaximal loaded partial range of motion squat being effective to enhance subsequent peak jump height. The supramaximal loaded partial range of motion squat also demonstrated mixed results in subsequent vertical jump height. However, for the participants that responded positively to the supramaximal loaded partial range of motion squat, the mean increases in subsequent jump height was greater versus all other conditions. The full range of motion squat was the least effective warm-up protocol, which may have been due to excessive fatigue. This type of training appears to be individualized where subjects responded to each condition differently. More research is needed this type of training involving partial range of motion, specifically squat depth, intensity, and volume.
| Date of Award | 2011 |
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| Original language | American English |
| Awarding Institution |
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| Supervisor | Jeffrey Willardson (Supervisor) |