Deep Reinforcement Learning for Self-Configurable NoC

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) has been the superior interconnect fabric for multi/many-core on-chip systems because of its scalability and parallelism. On-chip network resources can be dynamically configured to improve the energy-efficiency and performance of NoC. However, large and complex design space in heterogeneous NoC architectures becomes difficult to explore within a reasonable time for optimal trade-offs of energy and performance. Furthermore, reactive resource management is not effective in preventing problems, such as creating thermal hotspots and exceeding chip power budget, from happening in adaptive systems. Therefore, we propose machine learning (ML) technique to provide proactive solution within an instant for both energy and performance efficiency. In this paper, we present deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) techniques to configure the voltage/frequency levels of both NoC routers and links in multicore architectures for energy-efficiency while providing high-performance NoC. We propose the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to configure the NoC resources intelligently based on system utilization and application demands. Additionally, neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate the actions of distributed RL agents in large-scale systems, to mitigate the large cost of traditional table-based RL. Simulations results for 256-core and 16-core NoC architectures under real-world benchmarks show that the proposed approach improves energy-delay product significantly (40%) when compared to traditional non-ML based solution. Furthermore, the proposed solution incurs very low energy and hardware overhead while providing self-configurable NoC to meet the real-time requirements of applications.